Abstract
本試驗以單雜交玉米臺農351號及臺農育365號爲材料,兩者具相同母本及不同父本,且後者子粒充實性優於前者;於1986年秋作進行田間試驗,在吐絲後連續針對穗位葉鞘、節間與果穗上位(自穗基算起之80-90%長度)及下位(20-30%)穗軸取樣,分析醣類組成,目的在確定植株供源能力與子粒充實需求間之平衡關係,供爲進一步探討影響碳水化合物自玉米穗軸傳移至子粒因素研究之基礎。試驗結果發現臺農351號穗位葉鞘及節間在吐絲後7週內之非構造性碳水化合物濃度均在20%以上,顯示供源充裕,子粒充實後期之蔗糖濃度雖明顯下降,但仍以子粒充實性較差之臺農351號的濃度較高,亦即不爲導致基因型間子粒充實差異的原因。穗軸組織在吐絲後初期具極高之葡萄糖及澱粉濃度,但於吐絲後二週起即維持穩定之低濃度,與子粒進入有效充實期相配合;上位穗軸之蔗糖與非構造性碳水化合物濃度在子粒充實中、後期高於下位穗軸,並以臺農3別號顯著高於臺農育365號,證明光台物質可順利轉移至上位穗軸,且葉片供源能力充裕,並非限制子粒充實之因子;試驗結果建議玉米基因型間及果穗上、下位間碳水化合物自穗軸轉移至子粒之機制可能不同。本文爲系列報告之第二篇,將利用用同材料比較各部位子粒之醣代謝作用,以探討影響玉米子粒充實之生理及生化因子。
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