ОСОБЕННОСТИ ФИНАНСИРОВАНИЯ И РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ВЫСШИХ УЧЕБНЫХ ЗАВЕДЕНИЙ США (1919 – 2019 ГГ.)

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to identify trends that determine the dynamics and structure of funding for the US higher education system. The subject of this study is the dynamics and structure of funding for the US higher education system. The relevance of the topic of the article lies in the substantiation of possible threats to the use of financial instruments that have passed the path of evolutionary development in America. In accordance with the purpose, a retrospective assessment of these trends has been carried out over a long period of time. To analyze the vast theoretical and statistical material on the stated problems, such methodological techniques and tools as retrospective assessment, statistical and economic analysis, comparative assessment, generalizations, and the inductive method were used. The results obtained reflect not only the stages of spatio-temporal evolution in the development of the American higher education system, but also reveal indicators that make it possible to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of this system over a century of research. The identified trends highlight the contradictory nature of funding for universities in terms of efficiency and effectiveness. On the one hand, the instruments and results of funding reflect the distinct American way of combining centralization and decentralization in the evolutionary development of a complex higher education system. On the other hand, they confirm the worldwide, ambiguous in qualitative assessment, practice of financing universities - reducing the share of government spending by increasing private investment.