СОЦІАЛ-ДЕМОКРАТИЧНИЙ РУХ У ПІВНІЧНОМУ ЛІВОБЕРЕЖЖІ УКРАЇНИ ТА В СУМІЖНИХ РЕГІОНАХ БІЛОРУСІ В 1905 – 1907 рр.

Abstract

The article deals with the history of the Social-Democratic movement in the neighboring counties i.e. in Chernihiv (Ukraine) and Mogilev (Belarus) provinces. In 1904 – 1905, the Polissian Committee (PC) of the RSDLP functioned on this territory, which united mainly Bolsheviks, as well as Mensheviks and the supporters of overcoming the fractional split. In autumn 1905, the PC supported the Mensheviks, but at the end of the year it ceased to function, owing to repression of law enforcing bodies. It was clarified that several new Social-Democratic organizations were formed in Polissia afterwards. The First Chernihiv district bureau of the RSDLP acted on the territory of five northern counties of Chernihiv province, and in the south of the Mogilev province the Gomel organization of the RSDLP functioned as well. These party communities launched great work aimed at organizing the revolutionary struggle of urban and rural workers against tsarism. In towns and villages they established the Social-Democratic centers, trade unions and public organizations, i.e. Councils of labour Deputies, detachments of armed workers. The Social-Democratic centers had printing houses at their disposal, stored up the weapons and prepared for armed actions. The Social-Democratic organizations included the representatives of different nationalities – Ukrainians, Jews, Belarusians, Russians and this fact assured their international character. The Social Democrats organized strikes of urban and rural workers, carried out revolutionary activity among the military. At the end of 1906, the First Chernihiv district bureau and the Gomel organization joined the Ukrainian Social-Democratic Union of the RSDLP and continued to function as a part of its North-Chernihiv region by the end of the revolution in 1905 – 1907 and during the period of Stolypin reaction.