긍재(兢齋) 김득신(金得臣, 1754-1822)의 산수화 연구

Abstract

Geungjae (兢齋) Kim Deuk-shin (金得臣, 1754-1822) is known as one of the three genre painters along with Kim Hong-do (金弘道, 1745-1806?) and Shin Yun-bok (申潤福, 1758-1817 afterwards) or only as a painter who had been largely influenced by Kim Hong-do. In fact, he was a 44-year veteran Dohwaseo painter who had participated in important national art projects. Aside from his famous genre paintings, his extraordinary talent in portraits, landscapes, birds and animals, and flowers and animals established him as one of the best painters during the period. Especially, his results in Nokchwijae (祿取才: the state examination for court painters) demonstrates his ability in landscape painting among other themes as well as how much recognition he received at the time; some of these works are currently available.
 Kim Deuk-shin’s landscape paintings carry two styles of landscape painting in Late Joseon Dynasty: literati landscape painting of the ideal and conceptual landscape and true-view landscape painting that painted mountains and rivers in Korea. This allows better understanding of his diverse works, as well as the variety of trends and transformations of the landscape painting in the Late Joseon Dynasty. In addition, compared to other themes such as genre, figure painting of Taoism and Buddhism, birds and animals, and flowers and animals that had been apparently influenced by Kim Hong-do’s style, his landscape painting has a different pattern due to being directly and indirectly influenced by a number of preceding painters including Jeong Seon (鄭敾, 1676-1759), Sim Sajeong (沈師正, 1707-1769), Kim Eung-hwan (金應煥, 1742?-1789), and Kim Hong-dothat were largely established in the area of landscape painting At the same time, it is also possible to observe the Gaeseong Kim family’s painting style from Kim Deuk-shin’s landscape paintings as they show association with those of his uncle Kim Eung-hwan, brother Kim Seok-shin (金碩臣, 1958-?) and Kim Ha-jong (金夏鍾, 1793-1875 afterwards). Kim Deuk-shin’s landscape painting style may have been passed on to Kim Seok-shinand Kim Ha-jong through secondary influence from Kim Eung-hwan, who was influenced by Jeong Seon and Sim Sajeong. Based on this, his landscape painting style appears to have had a significant influence on the establishment of the painting style within the Gaeseong Kim family and on later generations of court painters.