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Abstract
This paper presents the results that allow us to establish the effectiveness of treatments of layered silicates on the example of low-quality alkaline earth bentonite from the Nurlat deposit of the Republic of Tatarstan from the point of view of improving their adsorption properties. The effect of treatments with sulfuric acid solution, sodium carbonate and amorphous silica on the adsorption and structural characteristics of bentonite has been studied. A comparative assessment of the adsorption index for methylene blue bentonites of various deposits is given. The research results showed that the modification of bentonite from the Nurlat deposit with a solution of sulfuric acid and sodium carbonate contributes to the transformation of its adsorption and structural properties, in particular, an increase in the adsorption index and cation exchange capacity by 25 and 40%, respectively. Therefore, modification with sodium carbonate is preferable to activation with sulfuric acid for the studied bentonite deposit, especially given the low cost and concentration of the salt reagent. Under conditions of combining chemical effects on the raw material composition, the increase in adsorption capacity reaches 80%. These transformations of properties are the result of changes in the ion-exchange complex of layered silicates, an increase in the centers of adsorption and their energy. Adsorption-desorption isotherms for nitrogen molecules have been obtained, which are classified as types II and III in accordance with the classification of Brunauer, Emmet and Teller, which indicates a polymolecular adsorption mechanism and a predominantly meso- and macroporous structure of the studied bentonite deposit. It was found that the pore space of bentonite of both basic and modified composition is mainly represented by mesopores with an average diameter of 3,8 nm according to BJH and a volume of 0,057 and 0,068 cm3/g, respectively.
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