Abstract
The analysis of the known methods for calculating water consumption of perennial grasses under the conditions of sod-podzolic soils of watershed territories has shown that no method gives the results of the required accuracy. Based on this, scientific studies were carried out to obtain a formula of water consumption of perennial grasses which were fulfilled at the Dubna experimental reclamation station in the Moscow region. The experiments were carried out on experimental plots and in lysimeters. In the course of experiments in lysimeters, an empirical formula for calculating water consumption of perennial grasses was obtained. When conducting scientific research on the water regime of sod-podzolic soils during irrigation of perennial grasses, there was used a method developed at the department of land reclamation and recultivation of RGAU-MAA named after C.A. Timiryazev. The regression equation is obtained by the method of mathematical statistics. The correlation coefficients of this dependence are R = 0.96 ± 0.069. The empirical coefficients for this equation are established which depend on the natural and climatic zone and the type of soil. The biological coefficients of perennial grasses and the coefficients that take into account the decrease in soil moisture from the optimal values are determined. There is presented a graph of the regularity of changes in the potential water consumption of perennial grasses in the Moscow region with the sum of the average daily air humidity deficits for decade periods in 2012-2014. The intensity of the water consumption decrease at the beginning and end of the vegetation period was revealed. A decrease in the total water consumption of perennial grasses after mowing was obtained. The graph of the relationship between the actual total water consumption of perennial grasses Ef (data from experimental plots) and the calculated Ep according to the formula is given. The correlation coefficient of this dependence is R = 0.987 ± 0.031.
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