Життєвий цикл: варіативність наукових підходів до визначення та специфіка в управлінні розвитком підприємств торгівлі

Abstract

The article is aimed at carrying out a comparative analysis of various scientific approaches to determining the stages of the life cycle (LC) of enterprises with an emphasis on the specialization in trade. To achieve the aim, general scientific and special research methods were used. As a result of systematization of definitions of the concept of «life cycle of enterprise», four main scientific approaches to determining its essence are allocated, namely: through changes or variables; through regularities of development or events; through sequence of stages; through time characteristics or time period. It is substantiated that the essence of the LC of enterprise should be considered as an aggregate of stages of its changes. The results of a cross-comparison of the alternative models of LC of enterprises and the classical stages of development of living organisms showed that all of them can be reduced to three or four stages of LC of the latter. Based on the data of the critical analysis of the existing methods of identification of the stages of the enterprise’s LC and own researches of the LC of the operating enterprises, a new approach to determining the stages of the enterprise’s LC i selaborated, which, unlike the existing ones, provides for the calculation of the cost of the enterprise’s LC, taking into account the importance of progressive innovative changes and tasks related to achieving the goals of sustainable development. The systems of interrelations between the parameters of different types of expenses at each stage of the enterprise’s LC are modeled. It is determined that in the field of trade a LC is formed under the influence of formats of both the trade enterprises and the buyers. The conclusion, that is substantiated, is that managers of trade enterprises should constantly increase the number of active buyers, and, at the first signs of a recession, implement innovations. It is concluded that the management of the development of enterprises is a task in which it is necessary to take into account the LC of the particular enterprise, taking into account the sectoral specifics of its activities, the period of entering the market, size, and cross-cultural features. It is indicated that the obtained results can be used for further research of the stages of the LC of enterprises, taking into account the sectoral specifics.