ПРО ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФОРМУВАННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ МАЛОГО ТА СЕРЕДНЬОГО БІЗНЕСУ

Abstract

The authors conducted a sectoral measuring the performance of SMEs sample of the Odessa region for 2013-2019. The study found that all absolute and relative performance indicators increased. However, given the inflation rate for the period under review, the real level of absolute value-added decreased. The growth of absolute efficiency, i.e. the share of value-added in the price of goods and services SMEs was low (by 4.1%), but against the background of the crisis in the economy, this fact is positive and indicates an improvement in the ability of SMEs to create value-added. It was also found that during the studied period in the sectoral structure of performance of SMEs there were significant changes, which were manifested, in particular, in the change of leaders from transport, warehousing, postal and courier activities in 2013 to financial and insurance activities in 2019. Increase in performance for the entire sample in 2019 was due to two industries - financial and insurance activities and the processing industry. In addition, during the study period there was a reduction in the spread of performance scopes, i.e. equalization of performance within each industry. The authors found a certain paradox, which is that the increase in the labor productivity at SMEs leads to a reduction in the value-added of products (services) they produce. This paradox is called by the authors as "opposite effect", which is a phenomenon of atypical influence of individual components on the business performance. Moreover, it was reinforced by the atypical link between salaries and labor productivity, which appeared in 2019, and shows that wage growth not only does not stimulate an increase in labor productivity, but, on the contrary, leads to its reduction with a high degree of probability. Hence, the industries in which SMEs paid employees the highest salaries in 2019 had the lowest level of labor productivity and, conversely, the industries with the lowest salaries had the highest labor productivity among other industries studied. Thus, the features of the forming the performance of SMEs are the identified general trends in its dynamics, structural changes and a certain paradox, which is the atypical impact of labor and salary on performance and productivity in this sector of Ukraine's economy.