ІНСТРУМЕНТИ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ КЛАСТЕРНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ

Abstract

The article considers the current tools for the implementation of cluster policy in Ukraine, taking into account the practice and experience of European countries. The relationship between cluster policies and tools for their implementation at the national, regional and local levels has been studied. It is substantiated that modern attempts to develop and implement cluster policy at different levels in Ukraine are dissonant, fragmentary and have a more declarative than applied content. This is evidenced by the lack of appropriate legislation at the national level and distortions in defining “reasonable specialization” of regions, lack of effective communication, financial donations, mechanisms and tools for promoting and implementing cluster policies in both regions and the state as a whole. Given the above, we will focus the plane of the problem field on the main vectors of integrated cluster policy in Ukraine: tools and programs at the cluster level; tools and programs at the regional level; national policies and strategies that define sectoral priorities and directions of development and are directly related to cluster development (industrial policy, innovation, export, digital), as well as national regional development policy). Mechanisms that determine the general economic course and conditions, primarily tax, financial and organizational instruments. The study of tools for the implementation of cluster policies at different levels has convincingly demonstrated the need for their comprehensive interaction within a single national cluster development strategy. It is thanks to the purposeful policy of promoting the development of clusters in Ukraine that it is possible to develop supply chains of goods and services with their further integration into European value chains; to implement research and innovation strategies of smart specialization in the regions; to solve problems of ecology and efficient use of resources by introduction of ecological innovations, eco-industrial clusters and parks; to equalize socio-economic distortions in the development of sectors of the economic system.