ДИНАМІКА НАКОПИЧЕННЯ СИРОЇ ТА СУХОЇ НАДЗЕМНОЇ БІОМАСИ РОСЛИНАМИ КУКУРУДЗИ В УМОВАХ ЗРОШЕННЯ ПІВДЕННОГО СТЕПУ УКРАЇНИ

Abstract

The article presents the results of field research with corn hybrids of different groups of maturity for growing them under conditions of irrigation of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine. An important aspect of the use in the production of maize hybrids is the definition and application of optimal parameters of cultivation technology. In the complex of agrotechnical measures that influence the accumulation of crude mass and the growth of dry matter by plants of hybrids of maize of different groups of maturation, the important place belongs to the terms of sowing and the density of plant standing together with the use of irrigation. The accumulation of raw mass is a function of the process of assimilation, determines the productivity of plants, and, accordingly, its economic value. The intensity and duration of the formation of dry matter to a large extent depend on the growth of plants in height, their biological characteristics and the energy of photosynthetic potential. The dry substance, to a greater or lesser extent, consists of spare substances that are produced by plants and used by them as their need for energy. Observation of the growth of green mass is an indicator that reflects the productivity of photosynthesis and the accumulation of assimilation products in plants. With the intensity of growth processes accelerates the formation of the assimilation surface, increases the photosynthetic activity of plants, and therefore their potential yield increases. Therefore, the study of the effect of spatial placement of plants on the area due to the timing of sowing and the density of plant standing on the formation of the leaf surface, the intensity and productivity of photosynthesis and the accumulation of dry matter in hybrids of maize hybrids of different groups of ripeness under conditions of irrigation of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine is relevant and important in evaluation of the obtained crop, depending on the factors taken into consideration. The purpose of the research was to determine the dynamics of the accumulation of over ground mass of corn plants of different groups of ripeness, depending on the time of sowing, hybrid composition and density in conditions of irrigation of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine. The task of the study was to determine the influence of the investigated factors on the dynamics of the accumulation of raw matter and dry matter of maize plants, as well as the parameters of the dispersion, variation and correlation-regression analysis of experimental data. The field experiment, based on the split plot method, was carried out in four-time repetition with the placement of sites in a rendering in accordance with the methodology of conducting field research on the improvement of the elements of agronomic techniques for the cultivation of agricultural crops. In the experiment, hybrids of corn were studied - Tendra, Skadovsky, Kakhovsky; sowing dates – ІІ decade of April, ІІІ decade of April, І decade of May; The density of standing – 70, 80, 90 thousand pieces/ha. Agrotechnics Growing hybrids of maize of different groups of ripeness under irrigation conditions is common for the Southern Steppe of Ukraine, in addition to the factors that were put into study. The research used general sciences (analysis, synthesis, observation, comparison, measurement), special (field, laboratory), mathematical, statistical, and computational and comparative methods. On average, for the 2014-2016 biennium, the maximum wet mass index is set at the milk millet ripeness stage in the medium-old Kakhovsky hybrid crop - 51.39 t / ha for sowing in the III decade of April and a density of 70 thousand pcs / ha. The largest amount of dry matter had plants of the Kakhovsky hybrid during the period of physiological maturation of grain - the value of this indicator, depending on the variants of the experiment, varied within the limits of 21,57-25,18 t/ha. Key words: corn, irrigation, sowing terms, hybrids, standing density, crude mass, dry matter