Екоморфічний аналіз лучних представників парків м. Полтави

Abstract

The research was conducted during 2010–2017 in the park areas of Poltava: Poltava city park, Peremoha Park, Corpus garden, Petrovsky Park, Kotlyarevsky Park, the park of the Botanical Garden of the Poltava V.G. Korolenko National Pedagogical University, the park of the regional hospital named after M.V. Sklifosovsky, the park of the Poltava State Agrarian Academy, Berezovy Square. It was found that the humidity of environment belongs to the main factors forming herbaceous component in the parks. In the meadow component of the park flora of Poltava city mesophytes predominate. Heliomorphs in the investigated park territories are dominated by heliophytes (159 species). Significant is also the participation of shade-tolerant species (149 representatives). Only a small part of the meadow park plants is included in group of scyophyte (12 species). The proportion of megatrophs (eutrophs) was 15,3% in the composition of the investigated flora of the meadow park component. The representatives of the mesotrophic group (53,1%) were dominant on the studied phytocenoses. The smallest representation in the parks studied are oligotrophs (11,8% of all species). In the spectrum of life forms according to K. Raunkier the first position is occupied by cryptophytes (120 species, or 37,5%), the second position – by hemicryptophytes (111 species, or 34,6%), then in descending order therophytes (47 species, or 14,7%), chamaephytes (13 species, or 4,1%) and phanerophytes (11 species, or 3,4%) have followed. The predominance of cryptophytes over hemicryptophytes we associate with significant anthropogenic pressure on park territories, which leads to a wider distribution of perennial representatives capable of storing nutrients in underground alterations of shoots. Thus, our results indicate that the meadow component of park flora in Poltava city mainly represented by species of perennial herbaceous plants need in soils with sufficient moisture, enough light, as well as in medium-nutrient soil conditions. However, they can be presented by other groups which allow to survive when changing the growing conditions, in particular in the amplification of anthropogenic impact.