ГЕНДЕРНЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ МЕХАНИЗМОВ ПСИХИЧЕСКОЙ АДАПТАЦИИ У ПСИХИЧЕСКИ ЗДОРОВЫХ ЛЮДЕЙ

Abstract

It seems important to study the gender features of the mechanisms of mental adaptation in mentally healthy people due to a high correlation between the increase in the number of mental disorders and the frequency of catastrophes, social crisis periods and traumatic situations, as well as the fact that perceived levels of stress and stress factors can vary between genders. The aim of this study to identify the psychological features of stress response, taking into account gender specifics, to determine adaptation mechanisms in life-threatening situations. Two hundred mentally healthy people aged 18–60 years with a high level of adaptation to stress took part in the research. The diagnostic complex was aimed at studying individual psychological and individual typological characteristics, regulatory processes, and assessing the value-semantic component of personality. Women are distinguished by high rates of anxiety and depression, emotional instability and sensitivity; use of defense mechanisms of regression, compensation and hypercompensation; the use of coping strategies — “escape” and “positive revaluation”. Men are characterized by high levels of modeling in the regulatory profile and the use of the protective mechanism of displacement. They are able to plan in accordance with goals and suppress unacceptable desires, thoughts and feelings in situations of stress. Analysis of intragroup relationships showed that in men and women anxiety is associated with personal characteristics, as well as with the general level of formation of the self-regulation system. For men, the profile of intragroup connections is represented primarily by personal characteristics. Whereas women have a more complex profile organization, which includes not only personal characteristics, but also variables of the value-semantic level, as well as a broader system of regulatory processes. It is advisable that the identified patterns be taken into account when developing individualized programs for the prevention of stress-related disorders in lifethreatening situations and creating medical and psychological technologies for preserving health and extending professional longevity.