Оценка и анализ барьеров инновационной активности экономики региона

Abstract

Prospects for the development of the Russian innovative economy largely depend on the successful overcoming of negative factors impeding the effective interaction of institutions in the field of education, science, business, credit and fi nancial sphere regarding the creation, transfer and commercialization of innovations. Deep evaluation of innovative problems needs dynamic analysis of main processes in the spheres accompanying the innovation activity, which determines the topicality of this article. The aim of research consists in elaborating a dynamic approach to complex estimation of problems and barriers to the innovative development of Russia, including their structure and change. In order to do that, this article reviews the main barriers to the development of innovation activity in the region, builds a detailed classifi cation of parameters of innovative economic environment, and analyses their dynamics. The algorithm of innovation barriers assessment is based on economic statistics methods and fuzzy sets theory. This algorithm is determined on the basis of linguistic variables according to the matrix principle and linguistic identifi cation of economic objects. The estimation is based on a dynamic approach, that is, each analyzed indicator represents a rate of growth of one or another factor associated with the level of barriers to the innovation activity and therefore reflects the degree of reduction or strengthening in such barrier for the period under review. The minimax normalization allows providing comparability of all indicators under review. Macroeconomic data and indices of Russian enterprises operation, presented in statistical collections were used as the input data for analysis and estimation. As a result, we evaluated the level of overcoming barriers to innovative development during the past three years on the basis of analyzing research human potential, of development of innovative infrastructure elements, of financial instruments and sources, of production assets modernization and implantation of advanced technologies in industrial process. In the course of the research, it was possible to distinguish four most signifi cant groups of barriers to the innovative development – personnel, organizational and technological, fi nancial, and infrastructure barriers. In addition, we marked out the most successful fi eld of overcoming of negative trends in 2013–2015. At the same time, an unfavorable situation in the venture capital market and unsustainable development of technology parks are revealed. The performed analysis allows estimating the effectiveness of overcoming negative tendencies in personnel, technological, fi nancial spheres and of measures taken in this sphere. The estimation showed that the majority of economic trends are unsustainable and there is no stable and positive dynamics in dealing with the main problems in the Russian innovative economy.