СІМ МУДРЕЦІВ АНТИЧНОСТІ: МІЖ ТИРАНІЄЮ І ДЕМОКРАТІЄЮ

Abstract

In the study, in the context of the theme of the seven sages of Greece, the corpus of factual material was analyzed, followed by the use of general scientific and specific methods, and the author’s conclusions were obtained, including those of a misdirected nature. The thesis is substantiated that philosophy arises not only as a departure from mythological perception, but also as an activity-based reflection on socio-political reality in a particular polis. Accordingly, despite the fact that the sages perceived philosophy only as a reflection on nature, but as a study of the surrounding world and, on the basis of this, an attempt to make this or that political reality stable and loyal to all residents of a particular polis. Based on previous scientific works at the intersection of philosophy, political science, history, linguistics and semantics, the context of the use of a number of important concepts is clarified, regardless of further connotational loads, which has transformed meanings from time to time. Accordingly, the main focus of the article focuses on the dichotomous division of the seven wise men into parties: democrats and tyrants. Since the attitude towards tyrants and the phenomenon of tyranny is more or less positionally expressed in the philosophical tradition since Plato, the main issue was precisely in the temporal segment of the «pre-Platonic», pre-classical, and then it was complicated by numerous factors. Among them, in addition to the limited primary sources, there is a difference in the interpretation of ancient allegories, the imposition of a modern understanding of socio-political processes on the socio-economic conditionality of the inhabitants of the policies more than 2.5 thousand years ago, and the like. This creates a challenge for comprehending a full-fledged political picture of life or Ionia, or continental Hellas. Based on specific and comprehensive data, for example, the duties and powers of certain state officials of the archaic era, it was possible to theorize and find their confirmation / refutation in works of a later period. This constituted an important part of the study, as the aim is to provide an unbiased analysis of both parties and their supporters, regardless of the moral and ethical side. The main thing here is the clarification of the role, place, importance and popularity of both approaches to the 404 event in Athens, which qualitatively changed public discourse in a decisive way, completely moving away in black and white tones.