Abstract
The article studies the institution of justices of the peace in the historical and comparative law aspects and uses such study as the basis to determine de lege ferenda the role of a contemporary Russian justice of the peace in the national legal system along with the vector of development of the domestic criminal lay justice. The author justifies the need for the revival in the contemporary conditions of the “peace making” model of justice of the peace court to be used in cases where criminal punishment can be much less effective than conflict resolution through settlement: by performance of a number of conditions that wind such conflict down and eliminate its consequences. The publication suggests the respective expansion of professional competencies of a justice of the peace and statutory consolidation of his mission as a mediator, which can be an important step in the improvement of this critically important Russian judicial institution.
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