СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКОГО И ТЕРРИТОРИАЛЬНОГО ПЛАНИРОВАНИЯ ЗА РУБЕЖОМ: УРОКИ ДЛЯ РОССИИ

Abstract

Over the past decades, urban and regional policies of foreign countries have been aimed at slowing down containing the population growth and territorial "spread" of the capital and largest cities in order to achieve social, economic and environmental well-being. The systems of territorial planning of the USA, Canada and the largest European countries (Germany, Great Britain and France) selected for analysis, as well as the second world economy - China - show the whole variety of strategic and territorial planning documents, reflecting the peculiarities of the political system and administrative-territorial division of the country, the existing mechanisms of legal and economic management, and other factors. The composition and content of spatial planning documents are regularly changing under the influence of global challenges and international competition. In many countries, new tools for regulating urban development for such management objects as agglomerations and the metropolis, Metropolitan areas appear. Environmental priorities dominate all strategic and territorial planning documents. However, the General Plan, the Structural Plan, the Comprehensive Plan or the Local Urban Plan remain the main strategic documents for 15-20 years. In foreign practice, public participation in the preparation of strategic documents in the early stages is increasing. A mandatory element of the strategic and territorial planning system is the organization of monitoring the implementation of the documents adopted, including the definition of a list of indicators and the preparation of regular official reports in the public domain. Special attention is paid to the methodological and informational support of spatial planning. Examples of the best practices of spatial planning in the USA, Germany, Great Britain, France and China that could have an impact on improving territorial planning in Russia are presented.