Экспериментальное определение удельного коэффициента образования диоксида азота при горении нитроцеллюлозной киноплёнки

Abstract

Purpose. Pulmonotoxic substances (for example, nitrogen dioxide) are extremely hazardous for people during fires. These substances cause mucous membrane irritation and with prolonged exposure can lead to toxic pulmonary edema. However, fire load database which is used for calculating fire risks does not contain values of nitrogen dioxide formation distribution coefficient. Therefore, determining parameters of nitrogen dioxide formation during various substances and materials burning is a priority. The purpose of the study is to experimentally determine the partial density and distribution coefficient of nitrogen dioxide formation during cellulose nitrate film combustion in an enclosed volume. To achieve it an experimental installation for determining fire hazard of condensed materials during their thermal decomposition has been modified. Methods. Experimental methods of measuring and processing parameters of substances and raw materials burning as well as obtained results analysis methods are used. Findings. A technique for experimental calculation of nitrogen dioxide formation distribution coefficient has been developed and validity of obtained results approximation for real rooms has been justified. Values of distribution coefficient of forming nitrogen dioxide evolved during cellulose nitrate film combustion are experimentally obtained. Maximum weight of the above-mentioned film located in a room of a given volume at which NO2 partial density does not reach its critical or fatal value for people has been assessed. Research application field. Fire load database used when calculating fire risks, according to distribution coefficients of nitrogen dioxide formation during various substances andmaterials combustion has been expanded. Conclusions. The modified experimental installation for determining fire hazard of condensed materials during their thermal decomposition, as well as the developed method for experimental determination of nitrogen dioxide formation distribution coefficient make it possible to obtain data on nitrogen dioxide formation necessary for calculating fire risks in buildings and structures.