Особенности конструктивного исполнения и проектирования синхронных гидрогенераторов для микро-ГЭС

Abstract

The development of small-scale power generation facilities is one of the priority tasks formulated in the Energy Strategy of Russia. Mini and micro hydroelectric power plants (HPPs) serve as the technical means for solving this problem in the field of small-scale hydropower. Structurally, a modern microHPP includes a drive mechanism, a synchronous hydrogenerator (SHG), a DC link, a cable and a load. The main requirements for an SHG are the minimum dimensions and weight, the possibility of long-term operation at the maximum power, an increased class of protection against dust and moisture, the lack of necessity to carry out maintenance during the period of active use during the year, the possibility to operate at low hydraulic turbine shaft rotation frequencies and a low kick-off torque value. The specific features of the SHG embodiment are analyzed. Groups of high-speed and low-speed SHG designs are identified. The embodiment types of SHGs for microHPPs are conventional for special-purpose claw-pole synchronous electrical machines as well as permanent magnet machines. Low-speed SHGs have a number of features related to multipole embodiment. Special attention is paid to embodiment types of low-speed generators. The SHGs with an external stator, with an external drum-type rotor and with an external rotor on a console are analyzed. The results from design calculation of the main dimensions for three low-speed SHGs for capacities equal to 5, 10, and 15 kW are presented. In all cases, the SHG is characterized by small pole pitches and the problem zone of stator slots and teeth. This applies both to the technological implementation of the shallow slot-and-tooth structure and to the placement of a powerful stator winding on it. The manufacture of low-speed SHGs for microHPPs is focused at high-tech production facilities.