СПОСОБЫ УСИЛЕНИЯ ФУНДАМЕНТОВ И СТРОИТЕЛЬНЫХ КОНСТРУКЦИЙ ЦОКОЛЬНОЙ ЧАСТИ РЕКОНСТРУИРУЕМЫХ, ВОССТАНАВЛИВАЕМЫХ ЗДАНИЙ

Abstract

The experience of reconstructing and restoring basements of historical stone buildings is given using Tomsk as an example. The article outlines the importance of analyzing information related to construction and operation of buildings throughout their life cycle. The main objectives arising during the reconstruction and restoration of historic buildings are formulated, such as the extension of space due to reorganization of previously unexploited cellars, the deepening of basements, the expansion of existing and construction of new openings in the walls of buildings, the construction of new entry points in the cellars, etc. A brief description of the ground conditions of sites for buildings under consideration which belong to the historical ones. It is noted that it is necessary to carry out thorough engineering and geological surveys including geotechnical surveying of soil grounds and hydrogeological observations revealing the appearance of groundwater. It is proved that it is necessary to identify ground characteristics of bearing layer’s foundations which have been changed due to their compaction by the weight of buildings for a period of long operation. Generalized results obtained during the survey and assessment of the technical condition of foundations, as well as of above-ground building structures are given in the article. A classification of methods is proposed aiming to reinforce foundations on a natural basement (separately standing, band, plate and massive ones) using piles. Also we have considered piles that are arranged without excavation, i.e. piles of displacement (pressed and injected). Examples of numerical modeling are given ragarding the operation of separately standing and band-like foundations which are reinforced with the use of piles, when the basement floor’s marks are decreased. When simulating piles’ work using Midas GTS NX software complex, the successive technological stages of pile assembly are used; which allows taking into account the change in the stress-strain state of the base soil.