Abstract
В статье проводится сравнительный анализ показателей естественного движения населения Российской Федерации и Китайской Народной Республики. Сопоставлены темпы роста населения с 2010 по 2022 г., которые показали снижение численности населения в России с 2018 г., в КНР с 2022 г. Проведенный сравнительный анализ возрастной структуры населения и коэффициентов иждивенческой нагрузки показал, что ситуация в обеих странах примерно схожая: ожидается дефицит рабочей силы и увеличение населения старше трудоспособного возраста. Сопоставлены общие коэффициенты рождаемости и смертности в расчете на 1000 человек населения по двум странам, проведен сравнительный анализ специальных показателей рождаемости с постоянной структурой. Проведено сравнение смертности по причинам в России и Китае в 2019 г. Делается вывод о перспективах увеличения численности населения в ближайшие годы. The article contains a comparative analysis of the indicators of natural movement of the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China. First of all, the population growth rates between 2010 and 2022 were analyzed, which showed a decrease in the population in Russia from 2018 and in China from 2022. Since demographic policy may be the reason for the population decline, conclusions are drawn about the impact of the «One family, one child» policy on the negative rate of population growth and on the sexual structure. The article presents calculations of the population structure and coefficients of potential compensation of labor resources and pension burden, which showed that the situation in both countries is approximately similar, a shortage of labor is expected and an increase in the population over working age. Next, the fertility and mortality rates per 1000 people of the population are analyzed, and the indices of variable and constant compositions are found. Finally, a comparison of deaths by causes in Russia and China in 2019 was carried out. Based on the conducted research, a conclusion is drawn about the prospects for an increase in the population in the compared countries in the coming years.
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