Abstract
The current study is aimed at the development of a methodology for calculating hydraulic resistance and the efficiency of cleaning dusty gases with a jet filter dust collector based on experimental data. This dust collector is applied in cleaning dusty gas streams of high concentration by means of a two-stage procedure. At the first stage, in order to minimise dust load, dust particles are deposited under the action of inertial forces arising from the sharp deceleration of a stream. At the second stage, a highly effective purification of the flow is ensured at the level of 98–99 % or more due to the filtering process through the bulk granular layer. Experimental studies of hydraulic resistance and cleaning efficiency of the jet and filter parts of the dust collector affected by jet velocity, nozzle design and its distance to the hopper, dust particle size and density, dust content of the gas flow, as well as dust properties, were carried out. The most significant influence on the increase in hydraulic resistance and the cleaning efficiency of the jet part was established to be exerted by the high-pressure head of the jet, the convergence angle of the nozzle and the shape of the air channel. The optimal limits of the jet velocity, the dimensions of the structural elements of the dust collector are determined, ensuring the efficiency of cleaning the dust and gas stream in the jet part by at least 80 %. Methods were developed for calculating the hydraulic resistance of the jet part of the dust collector based on the coefficients of local resistance, reducer, exhaust and air channel, depending on the density of the gas being cleaned and the average flow rate in the air channel. The hydraulic resistance of the granular filtering partition when clean, as well as during the accumulation of dust sediment, was determined. Based on the law of particle accumulation by a uniform filter as applied to granular layers, a method was developed for calculating the surface and thickness of the filter layer and the duration of the inter-regeneration cycle of the filter. The authors declare no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this article.
Highlights
First stage, in order to minimise dust load, dust particles are deposited under the action of inertial forces arising from the sharp deceleration of a stream
A highly effective purification of the flow is ensured at the level of 98–99 % or more due to the filtering process through the bulk granular layer
Experimental studies of hydraulic resistance and cleaning efficiency of the jet and filter parts of the dust collector affected by jet velocity, nozzle design and its distance to the hopper, dust particle size and density, dust content of the gas flow, as well as dust properties, were carried out
Summary
Эффективность очистки воздуха от мучной пыли с размерами частиц менее 63 мкм при скорости потока на выходе из сопла 19 м/с составляла от 70 до 81 %. Низкая скорость струи не позволяет создать необходимую силу инерции для мелких частиц пыли, а высокая скорость приводит к вихреобразованию потока при его развороте перед бункером и повышенному уносу пыли, из-за чего эффективность очистки практически не растет На основе выполненных исследований рекомендуется при проектировании пылеуловителя скорость струи на выходе из сопла ωс принимать в пределах 25–30 м/с, что позволит обеспечить эффективность очистки на уровне 80 % и невысокое гидравлическое сопротивление. С целью учета влияния пыли сопротивление струйной части ΔPс при очистке запыленного газа для принятой скорости струи на выходе из сопла в пределах 25–30 м/с необходимо увеличить в 1,25 раза. Толщину зернистого слоя в зависимости от эффективности очистки в пределах от 90 до 100 % предлагается в соответствии с работой [14] рассчитывать по зависимости:
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