동북아시아 전통무용의 의미 및 무형문화유산정책 고찰

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to review the meaning of traditional dance and intangible cultural property policy focusing on Korea, China, and Japan, regarding inheritance and development of traditional dance in Northeast Asia. Even though the range of traditional dance differs in each country, the term generally refers to dances that descendents have reappraised and discovered after modernization: a dance from the traditional society, a dance that kept to a single descent, or a dance that even has been forgotten. Terms for traditional dance differ as well in each country. In Korea and Japan, regardless of different categories that classify traditional dance, it is named as ‘traditional dance’ most identically. However, in China, it is officially named as ‘Chinese Ethnic Folk Dance’. Korea established Cultural Properties Protection Law in 1962 and jointly implemented Policy for Korean Intangible Cultural Properties with UNESCO since 2016. China joined the UNESCO convention and designated traditional dance as its national intangible cultural heritage for the first time in 2006, and has been protecting and handing it down since then. Japan has been implementing Cultural Property Protection Act to preserve cultural heritage before modern times, but as the risk of its loss increased due to rapid social changes taking place following industrialization and urbanization, the government has been taking active measures to protect and manage cultural heritages since 1996. As such, Korea, China, and Japan have all acknowledged the importance of traditional dance in the modern era regardless of different implementation periods of related acts. The effort to preserve and succeed traditional dance to the descendents is consistently continued until today.