СТРУКТУРНА ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЯ ЗАЙНЯТОСТІ ЗА СЕКТОРАМИ ЕКОНОМІКИ: УКРАЇНА ТА КРАЇНИ ЄС

Abstract

The effectiveness of the functioning of the national economy depends on the sectoral structure of employment. The structure of employment is largely a reflection of the macroeconomic proportions of the distribution of production factors, the general structure of the economy, and is directly proportional to its transformation. Changes in the structure of employment affect all spheres of social production. Transformations in the field of employment make it possible to identify positive or negative trends in structural shifts in the country's economy. The study of structural transformations of employment is updated with Ukraine's acquisition of the status of a candidate for EU membership. The purpose of the article is a comparative analysis of the structural dynamics of employment in three sectors of the economy in Ukraine and EU countries for 2010–2020, identifying dominant trends and developing recommendations for the formation of a progressive employment structure. The achievement of the purpose set in the article is carried out with the help of the following research methods: analysis and synthesis, comparison, logical generalization, grouping and classification, structural analysis, scientific abstraction, statistical methods. It was emphasized that Ukraine corresponds to the global trend of transformation of employment in the direction of anticipatory development of the tertiary sector. It has been proven that the dynamics of the sectoral distribution of employment in Ukraine is close to that of Poland. The reasons for the change in the share of the employed population in the primary and secondary sectors of the economy of Ukraine are different from those of the EU countries. An analysis of employment in the tertiary sector of Ukraine's economy was carried out according to the five-sector model. Trends in the sectoral distribution of the employed population have been revealed. Indicators of the distribution of employment in innovative types of activity according to the level of intensity of research and development work by economic sectors of Ukraine and EU countries were calculated. Guidelines for the formation of a progressive sectoral structure of employment in Ukraine are proposed.