Міграція населення в міждисциплінарному вимірі

Abstract

Backgroud: "Population migration" is a term that has many meanings. Population migration can manifest itself in such forms as nomadism, pilgrimage, wanderings, urbanization, ruralization, etc. Population migrations have a long history, but are relatively little studied. In Western Europe and North America, population migration became the object of sociological research only from the middle of the 19th century. Interest in the study of population migration has become relevant due to the needs of studying the adaptation of immigrants in host countries and studying the consequences of mass emigration of the working population from donor countries. Purpose: To carry out a systematization and comparative analysis of the main approaches to the study of migration in sociology and other socio-humanitarian disciplines. Methods: The work uses a number of general scientific and special sociological methods: logicalsemantic - for analyzing and deepening the conceptual apparatus of the concept of external migration; comparative analysis of the results of statistical and specifically sociological studies of migration. Results: A significant increase in the scale and intensity of international population migration at the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century led to the interest of Ukrainian sociologists in the issue of migration. The theoretical and methodological approaches of Western researchers echo the approaches of post-Soviet scientists, in particular, in the recognition of the interdisciplinary nature of population migration studies. Thus, there are six sociological approaches to the study of migration. At the same time, V. Iontsev noted that to the sociological approach "it would be possible to add the classification of migration flows according to vertical and horizontal characteristics and the theory of "rational expectations". Conclusion: Within the scope of the comprehensive study, a broad classification of approaches to the study of migration was presented. V. Iontsev's classification included 17 scientific approaches to the study of population migration, which, in turn, united 45 scientific directions, were classified as: the concept of "attraction - repulsion" by E. Lee (E. Lee); ethnosociological approach K. Davis (K. Davis), Y. Harutyunyan; the theory of "migration chain" D. Gurac (D. Gurac), F. Caces (F. Caces), D. Massey (D. Massey), A. Simmons (A. Simmons); the cultural approach of H. Esse, J. Rex, J. Bustamante; assimilation theory of H. Werner (H. Werner), M. Gordon (M. Gordon); sociological theory of migration (sociology of migration) by T. Zaslavska, T. Yudina. Keywords: migration, social migration, population migration