ВПЛИВ ФІЗИЧНИХ І ОКЕАНОГРАФІЧНИХ ФАКТОРІВ НА РОЗШИРЕННЯ ЗОНИ ЗАБРУДНЕННЯ КАСПІЙСЬКОГО МОРЯ (ПІВНІЧНО-СХІДНА ПРИБЕРЕЖНА ЗОНА АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНУ)

Abstract

Aim. Our main goal is to study the spread of pollution caused by natural and anthropogenic factors in the water area of the Caspian Sea, the largest closed basin in the world, according to physical and oceanographic factors. The methodological basis of the article. The article uses methods of processing statistical indicators and selects the Brooks-Koch method to calculate the rise height (∆H0) of wastewater in a stratified environment. Results. In the water area of the Republic of Azerbaijan, the pollution of the Caspian Sea occurs mostly in the Absheron Peninsula. The main reason for this is that the area is rich in oil and gas reserves and there are many oil production enterprises. In addition to natural factors such as wind, temperature and currents, anthropogenic factors also influence the spread of oil-contaminated seawater. As a result of the analysis of the physical and oceanographic factors, we determined that the depth of sewage should be more than 70 meters when it is discharged into the sea. The main reason for this is that the sewage dumped in the depth is mixed with the cold, and with time, heavy bottom currents. As sewage mixed with clean seawater rises to the surface, it continues to mix in the intermediate layers because its weight is heavier than the layer above it. The main reason why this happens only in the Caspian Sea is that the temperature of the sea water increases instead of decreasing with depth. The fact that the turbulent mixing coefficient calculated for the area confirmed in the article is 104-106 shows that the concentration pulsation intensifies with the increase in the diameter of the sewage sludge. This situation creates conditions for the mixing of waste water with the surrounding water. Scientific novelty. The effect of physical and oceanographic factors on the change, expansion and deepening of the area of sewage in the Caspian Sea water area was studied. Also, the turbulent diffusion coefficient of pollution in coastal zones was calculated.