Распространение болезней пшеницы озимой в Украине

Abstract

Industrialization of agriculture is accompanied with increase of anthropogenic load on the environment and agriculture product degeneration. That leads to search of alternative, innovation and natural management principles connected with organic farm. The transition to new principles of crop production is a responsible step requiring consideration of all factors affecting the development of crops. One of these factors is the phytosanitary state of crops, including the destruction of their crops by diseases. For timely and effectively counteract the infection of the crops, it is also necessary to constantly monitor the condition of the crops and analyze its results both in a separate section of the field and in regions across the country. The purpose of the work was to assess infection of winter crops based on an analysis of annual reports of the State Service of Ukraine on Food Safety and Consumer Protection from 2012 to 2017. As a result, the following conclusions were obtained: winter wheat leaf blotch (43.69%) and powdery mildew (44.32) are the most widespread; root rot (29.83%) and brown leaf rust (22.65%) have mean value of prevalence and Helminthosporium leaf blight (9.76%) is not widespread in most regions. The mean values of the disease development were distributed as follows: powdery mildew - 3,71%, septoriosis - 3,21%, root rot - 2,92%, brown leaf rust - 2,57%, Helminthosporium leaf blight - 0,85%. Based on arithmetic mean values of the five examined diseases, it was found that the most damage by diseases was in Donetska region - 75.8%, Vinnytska, Sumska regions - 51%, Khmelnytska region - 49.7%, Chernivetska region - 41.6%, Kyivska region - 40.6 %, Volynska region - 36.5% and Ternopilska region - 34.4%. Since organic farming supposes the refusal from synthetic pesticides application, the introduction of organic methods is reasonable in farms located in regions that are the most subjected to disease, namely Luganska, Odeska, Khersonska, Mykolaivska, Dnipropetrovska, Cherkaska, Zhytomyrska, Zakarpatska, Chernigovska and Kharkivska regions Keywords: crop, disease, winter wheat, infection, organic farm