Насіннєва продуктивність люцерни посівної залежно від елементів технології вирощування

Abstract

Alfalfa is one of the most productive legumes that provides high protein production. However, it is not only an important source of protein and essential amino acids, but also enriches the soil with biological nitrogen, which increases the fertility of arable land. Lucerne occupies a leading position among legumes in terms of symbiotic activity and fixed atmospheric nitrogen volume. The need to expand areas under perennial grasses in Ukraine is urgent so that, ultimately, the soil is not depleted of the mineral nutrients. Therefore, one of the topical and priority areas in the development of technologies for growing perennial legumes is to improve productivity by studying the processes of growth and development of varieties in the face of climate change and the action of organized factors, which will significantly affect the formation of seed yield and leafy mass. According to the results of our own researches and the analyzed literature sources, it is established that the use of pre-sowing treatment of seeds and crops of alfalfa with sowing stimulants and microfertilizers improves the conditions of growth and development of culture and improves individual productivity. The research was conducted at the research field of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, Agronomichne, Vinnytsia region during 2016-2018. Sinyuha variety (2010) was sown. Fields (conducting phenological observations and records), laboratory (accounting of seed productivity and its structure), mathematical and statistical (objective evaluation of the results of research). The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of pre-sowing seed treatment, time and combination of the introduction of growth promoters and microfertilizers on the formation of seed productivity of alfalfa sowing. Agrotechnological techniques for growing alfalfa crops under sowing have been improved through an optimized system of seed treatment with growth stimulants for crop fertilizers with a complete set of macro and microelements. The full-fledged crop of alfalfa sowing seeds begin to form from the second year of vegetation. Observing the level of seed yield of alfalfa seeds, depending on the sowing treatment with growth promoters and microfertilizers, showed that 0.41 t / ha of seed was harvested without treatment. The treatment of sowing with the growth stimulant Saprohum in the branching phase caused the seed yield to increase by 0.02 t / ha and yield 0.43 t / ha. Variants with sowing treatment of growth promoter Saprogum in the branching phase, in the budding phase, dual use of the growth stimulator in the branching and budding phase and in the processing of microfertilizer sowing Vuxal in the budding phase provided a yield increase of 0.03 t / ha to 0.44 t / ha Ha. The highest seed yield was ensured by the Saprohum growth and saplings treatment + branching + sowing fertilizer Vuxal - 0.46 t / ha, which is 0.05 t / ha more than the variant without the introduction of growth and microfertilizers. . Observation of seed weight of alfalfa from one plant when using a combination of a growth promoter Lucis and microfertilizers «Urozhay bobovi» showed that the treatment of sowing with a stimulator Lucis in the branching phase contributes to the increase of seed weight by 5.3% - up to 0.94 g Vegetable vegetation four years. The highest seed yield from one plant was recorded on the variant of sowing treatment with the growth stimulator Saprogum in the branching and budding phase + fertilizing of the budding phase by the microfertilizer Vuxal - 1.0 g, which is 11.0% more than the variant without sowing with stimulants and microfertilizers. Comparison of the magnitude of the seed output from one alfalfa plant under different combinations of growth stimulants and microfertilizers showed that the combination of sowing with a growth stimulants Lucis in the branching and budding phase + fertilizing the crop in the budding phase with microfertilizers of sowing treatment with a growth stimulant Saprohum in the branching and budding phase + fertilizing of the budding phase by the microfertilizer phase Vuxal. The highest yields of alfalfa seeds were obtained by sowing variants with the Lucis growth stimulants and microfertilizers «Urozhay bobovi» was 0.48 t / ha. A close correlation-regression relationship was established between the yield of alfalfa seeds and: plant density, plant height and individual seed productivity of one plant. The expected results of the research are aimed at increasing the level of realization of the crop varietal potential of perennial grasses, namely, alfalfa, increasing the profitability of its production in combination with environmental and social effects.