МУЛЬТИКОМФОРТНАЯ СРЕДА В АРХИТЕКТУРЕ БЫСТРОВОЗВОДИМЫХ ЗДАНИЙ

Abstract

The problems of prefabrication, cost-effectiveness, strength and energy efficiency of buildings of residential and civil architecture are becoming especially relevant at the present time, due to the need to quickly restore the destroyed cities and villages in the newly annexed territories. For the purpose of an experimental proposal for a residential building project based on the concept of multi-comfort, an analysis of the development of industrial construction methods was carried out. A review of the evolutionary development of industrial housing construction made it possible to identify its advantages (speed of construction, low cost, simplicity of design solutions, etc.), disadvantages (low quality and comfort level, standard stamps, etc.) and ways to eliminate them (increased comfort, energy efficiency, development new constructive solutions, artistic expressiveness, planning variability, etc.). The authors propose the development of a project for a prefabricated residential building based on innovative frame-type panels manufactured in the factory. These structures are quickly mounted on the construction site, they are characterized by increased rigidity, survivability and material consumption. This constructive system provides an opportunity to create flexible architectural and planning solutions with a variety of plastic shapes of the building. Energy efficiency and multi-comfort environment of a residential building is achieved by the orientation of the building on the designed site, the use of insulating materials and glazing (reduction of heat loss and noise protection). The shape of the building also ensures the thermal comfort of the yard space. Wind currents are broken by protruding and sinking architectural elements, creating complex and meaningful compositional connections. The use of new industrial structures allows, using the principles of energy-efficient design, to increase the level of comfort and efficiency of a residential building, solve the problems of viability and quick erection of buildings, and create an expressive architectural and artistic appearance of the residential environment.