Ландшафтно-экологическое моделирование водного баланса юго-востока Западной Сибири

Abstract

The article presents the technique of landscape ecological modeling of water bal-ance for the Southeast of Western Siberia. This technique enables to assess the impact of dif-ferent types of land use on the structure of the water balance. For all elements of the landscape that make up the catchment area, i.e. surface complexes, characterized by their physical and geographical conditions, the main of them are the following: climate, topography, soil and veg-etation. The combination of these conditions determines the features of structure of the water balance and hydrological regime of the territory. Knowledge of the structure of the water bal-ance gives us an idea of the possibilities of using water resources of different geographical zones. In modelling we used the genetic method of flow formation, or the method of hydrolog-ical-climatic calculations (HCC) developed by V. S. Mezentsev implemented on the basis of landscape-hydrological approach in public geographic information system (GIS). The initial data for modeling are the following: digital terrain model, satellite sensing data and climatic characteristics. The system of equations of the HCC method describes the processes of forma-tion of local climatic elementary runoff, changes in soil moisture and evaporation from the surface of catchments with the accuracy, which is sufficient for many practical purposes. In this method, the physical and geographical factors of flow formation are taken into account by the parameter n (reflects the influence of landscape conditions) and r (characterizes the ability of the soil to supply moisture to the evaporating surface and spend it on evaporation).