МОТИВЫ СВЕРХБЕССОЗНАТЕЛЬНОГО И БЕССОЗНАТЕЛЬНОГО В РУССКОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЕ: СУМЕРЕЧНЫЕ СЦЕНЫ И ОБРАЗЫ

Abstract

The aim of the work is topical scientific historical and literary problems: identification and analysis of the so-called night motifs and images, twilight scenes in Russian literature of the XIX–XX centuries. The researchers' attention is traditionally attracted to other sides of the artistic consciousness and creative pursuits of Russian writers, those symbolized by light, the sun. While not diminishing their importance, the authors concentrate on the aspects less studied, but no less interesting – night, moonlight, mystical secrets, heavenly light, as well as the light from the depths of the soul, and therefore especially powerful over the soul and mind as facets of personal spiritual being. About the personalities. M. Y. Lermontov, N. A. Nekrasov, A.M. Gorky, M. M. Prishvin. The creative personalities chosen are far apart, representing different eras, directions, and individual writing styles. The historical and literary context has not been left aside: the motifs demanded by Russian literature, images of German Romanticism, mythology. This allowed us to illustrate the objectivity of the raised problem and solve the tasks set in the work in accordance with the conventional approaches to studying historical and literary phenomena: the typology of motives and its implementation in the artistic consciousness of the epoch, individual author's searches. This also requires clarification of some definitions, specification of context, analysis of the writers’ work and specific texts from the standpoint of artistic semantics, ontology and poetics. Among the most significant results of the work are the following: the motives of the superconscious and unconscious in Russian literature are presented and interpreted as a pattern of the historical and literary process and as a manifestation of individual searches and personal aspirations. Observations are made in the field of philosophy, aesthetics and poetics of prose, the expressiveness of the works by the writers and poets chosen. Diaries and documents are considered as a valuable link in the artistic heritage. The adopted approaches to the material determined the original view of the problem of mastery and allowed to expand the existing ideas of the types of artistic thinking. The work gives new insights into a number of well-known works, clarifies and shows the relationship of the author's position with mythology and folklore, with the components of the external and internal form. The work is meant for philologists, literary critics, and researchers of Russian literature and XX century culture.