Клинико-физиологические характеристики учащихся профессиональных образовательных организаций в зависимости от гигиенических особенностей выбранной специальности

Abstract

Against the background of an increase in the level of attention to future labor personnel receiving secondary vocational education, the deterioration of their health requires close attention. The most common and relevant method for assessing the health status of children and adolescents is to assess their physical development and the level of obesity, since an increased level of body fat can affect their health and ability to work. The rise in obesity in adolescents occurs against the background of a decrease in the level of active cell mass associated with a decrease in physical activity. According to the forecasts of the world health organization, the prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents will only increase. An increased level of body fat can negatively affect the state of the cardiovascular system, which is one of the most important indicators of the body’s health. The appearance of diseases such as arterial hypertension in children and adolescents can lead to the formation of pathologies of the cardiovascular system in them. A cross-sectional study was conducted of 141 female students enrolled in the Saratov College of Water Transport, Construction and Services. During the examination, an anthropometric study, a study of the structure of body mass, as well as a study of the state of the cardiovascular system were carried out. Body mass analysis found that seamstress and hairdresser-trained girls had lower body fat, but higher levels of lean body mass and active cell mass, while insurance-trained girls and cook-trained girls had increased levels of body fat but lower levels of lean body mass and active cell mass. At the same time, girls who studied insurance and cooks had a higher load on the cardiovascular system. In these two groups, there were higher mean values of blood pressure and heart rate, as well as higher values of the cardiac index, index «rhythm» and index «myocardium». Signs of latent obesity associated with a deficit in active cell body mass and excess body fat with normal body mass index are found in a significant number of girls entering various specialties of a vocational educational institution. Differences in clinical and physiological indicators are found between groups of female adolescents entering various specialties of a vocational educational institution, which can be regarded as signs of the effect of healthy / unhealthy hiring. Trends that arise already at the stage of formation of professional groups can continue in the course of work and affect the state of health in the future. English version of the article is available at URL:https://panor.ru/articles/clinical-and-physiological-characteristics-of-students-of-professional-educational-organizations-depending-on-the-hygienic-characteristics-of-the-chosen-specialty/78125.html