Вплив погодних умов на формування компонентів хімічного складу плодів вишні

Abstract

Goal. To determine the influence of weather conditions on the formation of the components of the chemical composition of cherry fruits. Methods. The study was carried out in 2016–2018 at the Experimental station named after L. P. Symyrenko of the Institute of horticulture of NAAS with cherry fruit of mid-season varieties Alpha and Pamiat Artemenka. The fruits were harvested in the first decade of July in the consumer stage of maturity. For the fruits they determined the following: the content of dry soluble substances using refractometer RPL-3M; the total content of sugars — using ferricyanide method; the content of titrated acids — using titrometric method; the content of ascorbic acid — using iodometric method; the content of tannins and pigments — using the method of Neubauer and Leventhal. Results. Weather conditions at the phase of maturation influence the quality of cherry fruits. Strong and inverse correlation is fixed between the content of dry soluble substances and hydrothermal coefficient of the phase of ripening of fruits of cherry of variety Alpha (–0,58±0,61) and variety Pamiat Artemenka (–0,78±0,44). Strong connection (0,94±0,23 and 0.99±0,15) is observed between the content of tannins and pigments and the hydrothermal coefficient in the phase of ripening of fruits of cherry of varieties Alpha and Pamiat Artemenka. An important indicator of fruit quality of cherry is the content of titrated acids. Their formation is influenced by weather growing conditions. In particular, due to the considerable moisture in 2018, compared with 2016 and 2017, the content of titrated acids was higher on 14.5 and 15% for fruits of variety Alpha, and on 14 and 10% — for fruits of variety Pamiat Artemenka. Fall-out during the growing season and in the ripening phase strongly correlated with the content of titrated acids of fruits of varieties Alpha and Pamiat Artemenka with correlation coefficient r=0,81±0.4 and r=0,94±0,23, and r=0,64±0,56 and r=0,39±0,74. Conclusions. Equations of regression are built, which for the titrated coefficient of the ripening phase allow determining the content of dry soluble substances, tannins and pigments in the fruits of cherry of varieties Alpha and Pamiat Artemenka.