ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ ОТНОСИТЕЛЬНОГО И АБСОЛЮТНОГО СОДЕРЖАНИЯ БЕЛКА В ЗЕРНЕ ОЗИМОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ ПРИ СЕЛЕКЦИИ НА КАЧЕСТВО

Abstract

The use of the indexes of relative and absolute content of protein in winter wheat grain selected on quality Winter wheat is the main food crop, which occupies a significant proportion in the structure of the grain area of Russia. The crop uses bioclimatic potential of the regions of cultivation better than spring wheat and supplies stable grain production. Winter wheat on Don supplies up to 50% of gross grain, and sometimes up to 70%. The article presents the study results of the accumulation of relative and absolute protein content in grain depending upon 1000-kernel weight on average during the years of 2014-2016. The obtained data indicate that absolute protein content in grain does not depend on the productivity. This index is really stable. Such indexes as 1000-kernel weight, relative protein content in grain, gross yield of protein per hectare, winter wheat productivity are significantly changeable. Protein content in grain is slightly affected by weather conditions. There is an inverse relation between 1000-absolutely dry kernel weight and relative protein content in grain. The more 1000-absolutely dry kernel weight is, the less protein content in grain is and vice versa. But there are significant differences of the trait among the varieties. The varieties “Rostovchanka 5” and “Rostovchanka 7” with less 1000-kernel weight than the varieties “Tanais”, “Aksiniya” and “Nakhodka”, have formed less protein content through all the years. The varieties “Tanais”, “Aksiniya” and “Nakhodka” with 1000-kernel weight of 41.1-43.7 g produced the largest amount of protein (14.7%, 14.4% and 14.2% respectively).