Філософія американської школи державного управління: еволюція розвитку та основні характеристики

Abstract

The analysis of evolution of the development of public administration’s American school is given and its main characteristics are explained; the essence of the term “public administrative management” is revealed; the term which was used in the program of USA republican party in 1986; the conceptions are grounded which reveal the evolution of the development of American public administration and the ways to the analysis of public administration on the basis of American experience are defined – system, situational and conductive. The goal is to form theoretical reasons of philosophy of public administration’s American school in a context of its development’s evolution and to define the main characteristics. This goal is realized in the next tasks: to define the conditions of origin of science public administrative management; to reveal the term public administrative management which was used in the program of USA republican party in 1986; to explain conceptions which reveal the evolution of American public administration and to define the main characteristics; to reveal the essence of school of the conductive sciences that was noted by the wish to help managers to realize their own possibilities; to define the ways to analysis of public administration’s school on the example of American experience. The problem situation reduces to the analysis of all the directions – classical and modern of American management which underlied in public administration. 1. Scientific management: Mary Parker Follet ; Chester Bernard; Elton Mayo . 2. Conception of human resources: Abraham Maslow ; Douglas McGregor. 3. Behavior (conductive) approach: a) the model of University of the state Ohio; the analysis of results allowed in accordance with got estimations to select certain types of leaders; b) model of the Michigan University (R. Blake and J. Mouton made a model of administrative net); c) theory of nation’s competitiveness (M. Porter from Harvard business school made a conception of country’s competitiveness thanks to the companies’ competitiveness), analyzing: 1) factor conditions – human resources, physical or natural resources, scientific and informational potential, capital and infrastructure; 2) the conditions of internal demand; 3) existence of contiguous and serving branch. 4) structure and strategy of firms; 5) policy of state. In the scopes of classical school the system of administrative and public management appears as regulated from top to bottom hierarchical organization of the linear and functional type with the precise determination of function of each post category. The administrative principals developed by classical school concern two main aspects. One of them is to ground rational management system of administrative and public organizations, the second relates the building of organization’s structure. The most important postulates of classical school are: science instead of traditional habits; harmony instead of contradictions; collaboration instead of individual work; maximal productivity at each working place. It’s mentioned that the development of public administration had several stages connected with general tendencies of social sciences. Narrow “chamber” (M. Rutgers) in studying some questions within the framework of separately taken country dominated in 50s 19 th century. Strictly speaking, the separate science of public administration didn’t exist. From the second part of 19 th century till 50-60s XXth century the tendency to create universal theories in science was noted. In 50-60s the transition to differentiation to deeper studying of separate segments of administration, administrative institutes. Since 80s the theories of middle level, “neoinstitutional analysis” for public administration were developed. The main attention is devoted not to the institutes, but to the connections, intercommunications, studying of roles. It’s estimated as a dynamic approach to the administrative institutes. At that time in connection with processes of informatization and globalization the comparative method and analysis is widely used. As a result of evolution of classical and modern theories of management the science of public administration was formed.