Эффективность применения агроприемов на участке гибридизации подсолнечника для улучшения физико-механических и биологических свойств выращиваемых семян

Abstract

Influence of agrotechnical practices on biological, physical and mechanical qualities of seeds produced on a hybridization plot of the promising sunflower hybrid Surus was studied. To reach a goal we used a complex of agrotechnical practices (seed-sowing rates, fertilizers, chemical and biological plant protective means against diseases and pests) which had different levels of efficiency on the improvement of the biological, physical and mechanical qualities of the produced seeds. To improve the biological qualities of seeds, we graded the seeds into three different fractions: large, middle, and small. This resulted the seeds became more uniform by size, weight, volume weight, and had the higher laboratory germination. Output of a small fraction (size ˂ 3.0 mm) was 38%, a middle one (size 3.0–3.2 mm) – 37, and a large one (size ˃ 3.2 mm) – 25%, and 1000 seed weight by variants of an experiment within 40–41 g of small fraction, 46–48 – middle, and 50–52 g of large one. An average 1000 seed weight by all variants of the experiment and seed-sowing rates of the small fraction of seeds was 40 g, middle one was 47 g, and large one was 51 g. The grading of seeds by physical qualities within their linear sizes caused increasing of the laboratory germination of small seeds higher the level (85%) prescribed by the State Standard of Russia 52325-2005 in variants with chemical and biological plant protection against pests and diseases. The germination of the selected middle seed fraction was the highest (91%) in all variants of the experiment compared to the other two fractions. In a large seed fraction, there were no certified seeds by the germination. Therefore, grading the seeds by fractions is the effective method of selection and uniforming them by physical and mechanical, and biological qualities that as a result can positively effect on yield and quality of commercial seeds in progenies.