СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ И ТЕНДЕНЦИИ МИРОВОГО ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ЗЕРНА

Abstract

Cereals, including wheat, rice, maize and barley, are essential elements of diets in many countries and regions of the world. With the development of international trade, natural agricultural advantages have been transformed into the economic specialization of countries in the world market as producers, exporters and consumers of various crops. In the total structure of sown areas in 2019, the main share is occupied by wheat - 35.2% of all sizes, significant areas are allocated for growing barley - 11.0%, sunflower - 10.7%, corn - 3.2% soybean 3.9%. The gross harvest of cereals and leguminous crops in 2019 amounted to 121.2 million tons, which is higher than the level of the previous period by 6.9%. Wheat production amounted to 74.5 million tons, barley - 20.5 million tons, maize - 14.3 million tons, oats - 4.4 million tons, legumes - 3.3 million tons, rye - 1.4 million tons, rice - 1.1 million tons, millet - 0.4 million tons. The long-term strategies for the development of the grain complex of the Russian Federation until 2035 are: gross harvesting of grain and leguminous crops - 140 million tons, sown areas - 50 million hectares, domestic consumption - 86.2 million tons, the volume of grain exports, including its processed products - 55.9 million tons, the capacity of one-time storage of grain and leguminous crops - 167.4 million tons. Currently, almost half of the world's cereal production is provided by developing countries in the Asia-Pacific region, mainly China, India and Indonesia. In China, the gross harvest of all types of cereals exceeds 610 million tons, the remaining Asian countries collect another 770 million tons. Cereal production is significant in North America (USA and Canada), as well as in the EU (France, Germany, Romania, Poland, Spain). The share of other regions in world grain production does not exceed 10%.