Доктринальні підґрунтя зовнішньої політики США в період "позолоченої епохи"

Abstract

The article is devoted to the analysis of such the of the US foreign policy doctrines in the period of «Gilded Age» as the «Monroe doctrine» and Washington` doctrine. The author is considering the «Monroe Doctrine» and indicates that she received several interpretations. This doctrine was announced in 1823 by 5th President of the US J. Monroe and appeared to be a sign of protection against European colonialism. However, it gradually became the sign to justify expansion and US intervention to Latin American countries. The proclamation of the «Olney's Doctrine» was a prime example this. Throughout the nineteenth century, the United States had been following that principles of foreign policy that were proposed by George Washington. In practice, this policy was called isolationism. The author argues that this term is not entirely successful and proposes «Washington` doctrine» as an alternative definition of such policy. In the article also consider attempts of the American politicians to moved away from traditional the US foreign policy. The first such attempt was made during the presidency of Chester Arthur and was associated with the colonial division of Africa. In the hope of gaining economic dividends, American representatives took part in the Berlin Conference during November 1884 to February 1885 and supported the claims of the Belgian King Leopold II to the territory of Congo. But the desired result wasn`t be achieved through the opposition in the US Congress. A second attempt to change traditional American politics took place during the presidency of Grover Cleveland. As a result of American claims to Samoa, the United States participated in another Berlin conference, which took place in 1889. Its result was the signing of agreement by Germany, the US and England on a triple protectorate over Samoa. The author came to conclusion that the reasons for this change were economic factors and also foreign. Under the latter should understand the danger of expansion the European powers in Western Hemisphere.