Урожайність і продуктивність п’ятипільних сівозмін за органо-мінеральної системи інтенсифікації в умовах Лівобережного Лісостепу України

Abstract

Goal. To study the influence of precursors and the organo-mineral fertilizer system on the productivity and economic efficiency of growing crops in a short 5-field crop rotation in conditions of insufficient moisture in the Left Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Long-term field–for determination of the interaction of research objects with natural and agrotechnical factors; laboratory–for determination of the content of the main nutrients in soil and plants, the chemical composition of grain; calculation and comparison–for determination of the economic efficiency of growing crops in a 5-field crop rotation using the organo-mineral fertilizer system; statistical and mathematical — for carrying out dispersion analysis and for statistical processing of research results. Results. It is proved that in conditions of unstable moisture in the Left Bank Forest-Steppe, a 5-field crop rotation saturated with grain crops with 80% and 20% of sunflower (peas — winter wheat — sunflower — spring barley — corn for grain) is highly productive and rational under the organo-mineral fertilizer system, which involves the application of N54P56K62 + by-products of the predecessor per 1 ha of crop rotation area. Such a crop rotation on average for 2016–2020 provided a yield of grain in the range of 4.09–9.08 t/ha, and sunflower — 3.91 t/ha. Productivity of the crop rotation area by collection from 1 ha in a 5-field crop rotation was: grain — 5.07 tons, fodder units — 9.37, digestible protein — 0.79 tons. The economic efficiency of growing field crops in a 5-field crop rotation depended on the crop rotation factor, fertilizer system, and predecessors, the conditional net profit was UAH 6.86–24.93 thousand/ha with a profitability of 50–176%. Conclusions. It is established that corn (9.08 t/ha) provided a high grain yield when placed after winter wheat. The yield of sunflower seeds was at the level of 3.91 t/ha with a high content of fat (45.6%) and protein (19.6%) for the highest net profit of UAH 24.93 thousand/ha and profitability level of 176%.