Эволюция концепции инженерно-строительного образования в России в контексте международного исторического опыта

Abstract

In this article the author traces the emergence of engineering education in Russia, referring to the international historical experience. Discusses the origin of the term “engineer”, analyzes the development of the profession of the Builder in Russia and Europe; influence of the ancient canons in the system of training craftsmen and construction business. The author sketches the chronological sequence of the opening of the key Russian and foreign specialized institutions of higher education involved in the preparation of ingineer-builders. The article details the education system, which formed the basis of professional competence, analyses the scope of activities of the civil engineer in Russia in the mid XIX - early XX centuries. On the basis of the examined material, the author makes a conclusion about the peculiarities of training in Russian engineering schools on the basis of historical stages. The article provides details about the education system in construction in the Soviet era, where, along with great achievements in mass training required for construction industry of the national economy in the number of engineering personnel and good quality scientific and technical training, has received less attention General knowledge and knowledge of foreign languages, in contrast to the engineers of pre-revolutionary Russia. Continuing his analysis, the author comes to the conclusion that during its existence, the system of engineering education in Russia has undergone several reforms, which have resulted in the present-moment relationship to the engineer as technical specialist performing a specific, narrow function in the construction industry. In practice, in the new Russian economic conditions, particularly in the small construction companies that are dominant in number over large enterprises, a civil engineer is both a researcher and organizer of the work of a team of other professionals, and head of various scale and purpose of the projects. Modern Russian universities, as a rule, not prepared for this. However, as a possible solution of the given problem, the author proposes to apply to the Western experience and try to reverse this trend in higher engineering education, using practice-proven model from Finland and Germany that would achieve deep cooperation in modern Russian higher education system with the production of construction industry, it is necessary for the decision of problems of the breakthrough development of the entire construction industry in Russia.