Влияние природно-ресурсных и геополитических факторов на формирование и развитие железнодорожного транспорта России

Abstract

The influence of natural resource and geopolitical factors is traced in the formation of the country's transport system, the location of its main highways. It is these factors that determine the structure of the transport system of the country and the regions; they determine the nature and directions of the emerging transport flows and the specifics of the socio-economic development of the subjects of the Russian Federation. In the period of the changing geopolitical picture of the world, transport is also being reoriented, which requires more flexible predictive models of its development for a more efficient, well-coordinated and uninterrupted operation. Monitoring and studying natural resource and geopolitical factors is important and significant for the economic system of the whole country and its infrastructure. The object of the study is railway transport. The subject of the study is his activity. The purpose of the study is to scientifically substantiate the need to take into account the influence of the above factors on the development of railway transport in the medium and long-term periods. The objectives of the study are: to identify the influence of the natural resource factor on the formation and development of railway transport in the historical aspect; to assess the geopolitical factors in the development of transport highways. The methodology and methods of research are based on the application of natural resource, geopolitical approaches. The study uses a retrospective analysis of the cargo turnover of railway transport for 2008-2021 on the railway network. Taking into account the revealed trends, the need to develop a model for regulating the activities of railway transport under the influence of the factors under consideration is scientifically justified