Abstract

الملخـــــص لقد عد علماء الأصول العرف مصدرا من مصادر التشريع الإسلامي عند عدم وجود النص، أو في تخصيصه للنص العام. وقد تتغير الأحکام التي بنيت على العرف بتغير الزمان والمکان، بحسب أحوال الناس. فجاءت هذه الدراسة لتلقي الضوء على أن العرف دليل من الأدلة على الأحکام الشرعية، وذلک من خلال توضيح بعض النماذج، کالحرز، وقطع النباش ومقدار کسوة الکفارة في اليمين وغيرها.. والتي فيها مصالح للعباد لا تتضارب مع النصوص الشرعية. وقد انبنى البحث على مقدمة وثلاثة مباحث وخاتمة؛ کان الأول منها في بيان حقيقة العرف؛ وذلک بمعرفة معناه في اللغة، ثم تعريفه اصطلاحا وکيفية اعتباره دليلا من أدلة الأحکام، والمبحث الثاني في أقسام العرف، وأن الأحکام تتغير باختلاف العوائد والأحوال، وأما المبحث الثالث فکان في بعض النماذج والتطبيقات الفقهية التي بنيت على العرف، ثم جاءت الخاتمة فيها أهم نتائج البحث. The Concept of Custom for the Fundamentalists and Models of its Jurisprudential Applications Anas Mahmoud Tawfiq Al-Refaee Department of Jurisprudence and its Principles, Shaikh Noah Al-Qudah for Jurisprudence and Law, The World Islamic Sciences and Education University, Amman- Jordan E-Mail: anasmahmoud75@yahoo.com Abstract: Scholars of fundamentals have considered the concept of custom a source of Islamic legislation when there is no text, or in case of specifying the general text. Provisions of law based upon customs may be altered in terms of time, space, and people's circumstances. Accordingly, this research sheds light upon the fact that a custom is an evidence of the jurisprudential provisions. Such notion can be achieved through clarifying certain models as the sanctuary, cutting the hands of grave robbers and the prescribed expiation of an oath …etc., for the best of people and at the same time it is in no conflict with the provisions of Islamic law. The research consists of an introduction, three chapters and a conclusion. The first chapter is dedicated to display the truth of custom as a concept tracing its meaning in Arabic, then defining it as a term and how it is considered an evidence of the jurisprudential rulings. The second chapter handles the changes that come over provisions of law in terms of circumstances and conditions. The third chapter examines some models and jurisprudential applications that have been based upon the customs. Finally, the conclusion includes the most important results.

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