Агрофізичні властивості та продуктивність сорго зернового за різних способів обробітку ґрунту та доз азотних добрив

Abstract

The article presents the results of experimental research on the influence of different methods and depth of main tillage and doses of nitrogen fertilizers on the agrophysical properties of the soil and the productivity of grain sorghum. The purpose of the research is to investigate the peculiarities of the formation of the productivity of grain sorghum under different methods of main processing and doses of nitrogen fertilizers during cultivation. Research methods: field quantitative-weight, visual, and laboratory methods. Mathematical and statistical methods are used to systematize and generalize the obtained results. To determine the effectiveness of the application of the main tillage and doses of nitrogen fertilizers on the productivity of grain sorghum, three variants of the methods and depth of the main tillage and three variants of the doses of nitrogen fertilizers were laid. The results. The best agrophysical properties of the dark-chestnut soil under grain sorghum crops both at the beginning of the growing season and at harvest were observed under shelf tillage. Under the influence of the methods, depth, and systems of the main cultivation and fertilization in the crop rotation, changes in agrophysical properties occurred, which led to the creation of various conditions for the growth and development of the culture and the formation of the crop. The yield of grain sorghum for plowing to a depth of 28-30 cm with the application of nitrogen fertilizers with a dose of N60 amounted to 5.44 t/ha on average over the years of research. 3.89 and 2.54 t/ha of harvest were obtained for chisel tillage at the same depth, and for disc tillage – 2.54 t/ha. Conclusion. In the conditions of the southern Steppe of Ukraine, in order to fully realize the adaptive and genetically determined productivity potential of grain sorghum, the most favorable conditions for the growth, development, and formation of the crop are created with the main shelf cultivation of the soil to a depth of 28-30 cm and the application of nitrogen fertilizers with a dose of N60. Keywords: grain sorghum, method and depth of tillage, nitrogen fertilizers, agrophysical properties, productivity.