Потенциал энергообеспечения областей Казахстана с использованием возобновляемых источников энергии

Abstract

The global trend of decarbonization of the economy can have a significant impact on the main exporters of the Republic, since the use of coal generation significantly increases the carbon intensity of manufactured products, and the widely discussed introduction of cross-border carbon regulation by the EU countries will potentially reduce the competitiveness of energy-intensive products of Kazakhstani producers in the European market. More than 80% of the country's electricity is generated by coal-fired thermal power plants. The development of renewable energy can serve as one of the directions for achieving the goals of reducing greenhouse gas emissions both at the country level and for large industrial producers. Renewable energy installations are characterized not only by a lower environmental load, but also by design flexibility. Currently, studies devoted to the regional analysis of the territory from the point of view of the applicability of renewable energy are especially relevant. The current study will present an attempt to analyze the energy supply potential of the regions of Kazakhstan based on fossil fuel and renewable energy plants (solar and wind power plants). The use of spatial analysis tools made it possible to take into account the factors contributing and limiting the construction of wind and solar stations, as well as to calculate the territories available for design in the regions of Kazakhstan. The estimates of the potential average annual specific productivity of typical solar and wind power plants allowed us to conclude that wind energy is more competitive than solar (WPP - from 63 to 342 MWh / year / km 2 , SPP - from 41 to 68 MWh / year / km 2 ). As a result of the study, energy-deficient regions were identified: Akmola, Turkestan and Kostanai, where the development of renewable energy is most promising. The study carried out a comparative analysis of the present value of generated energy at renewable energy stations with the value of tariffs of energy supplying organizations in the regions of Kazakhstan. According to the calculation results, the present value varies from 5.7 to 7.9 rubles / kWh for SPP and 0.8-2.6 rubles / kWh for wind power plants.