«Красные» природоохранные списки в международном праве

Abstract

The role and significance of lists of natural objects that are threatened by their ecological state is considered. The List of World Heritage in Danger is analyzed as the most famous “red” environmental list. The problems of including objects in this List are considered, in particular, the opposition of the States on whose territory the corresponding objects are located; the consequences of such inclusion are determined; the conclusions obtained are illustrated by the practice of including objects from different states in the List. The Montreux Record, which is rarely analyzed in modern legal science, receives coverage (List of Ramsar wetlands of international importance where changes in ecological character have occurred, are occurring, or are likely to occur as a result of technological developments, pollution or other human interference). The procedure for including objects in it is revealed, some reasons are identified that determine the problems with the insufficient effectiveness of this environmental mechanism, in particular, the need to obtain the consent of the relevant state to include wetland in the Record, as well as competition with the reporting mechanisms of states under Article 3 of the Convention on Wetlands. Proposals are formulated on the need to form a “red” list in relation to specially protected natural territories included in the international network of biosphere reserves. Based on the results of the study, an instrumental attitude to international “red” environmental lists is proposed, as mechanisms capable of solving individual environmental problems.