Энергетическое обоснование выращивания лука репчатого в условиях юга России

Abstract

The presented article displays the materials of the energy feasibility of the cultivation of onions in the Lower Volga. The production of onion on irrigated plantations becomes possible by introducing more modern technological methods of cultivation into the technological scheme, where the issues of optimization and energy saving, water and nutrient regimes of the soil come to the fore. But in modern times, the vegetable direction in this zone has some difficulties when growing on drip irrigation. First of all, this is insufficient financing of irrigated lands in operation, a significant part of which has fallen into a dilapidated existence. Existing methods of irrigation (by furrows, sprinkling) entail large losses of water associated with evaporation during transportation to the place of cultivation of the crop, as well as at the time of application. In this regard, there is an urgent need, from an energy point of view, to switch to more energy-saving methods of irrigation, a typical representative of which is drip irrigation. In early 2000, drip irrigation began to be actively introduced into the fields of the Lower Volga region. This began to lead to a significant increase in the coefficient of rational use of the irrigated area. Therefore, in order to increase the efficiency of growing onion on irrigated plantations, it is necessary to widely introduce modern, latest technologies. In this regard, the developed energy methods of onion cultivation are of practical and scientific interest. The purpose and objectives of the research were to develop scientifically based water-saving irrigation regimes for the main vegetable crops in the conditions of chestnut soils of the Lower Volga region, due to a comprehensive assessment of modern methods of cultivation technology and in combination with differentiation of the depth of the moistened layer and the pre-irrigation moisture threshold during the growing season, would allow, along with with the use of calculated doses of mineral and water-soluble fertilizers, to obtain the planned yields with the rational use of material and energy resources.