Перспективи впровадження блокчейн-технології в транспортну логістику та управління ланцюгами поставок

Abstract

The article, based on the account of features, advantages, varieties of blockchain, highlights its weaknesses and strengths in terms of implementation in transport logistics and supply chain management. The study of the external environment of the introduction of blockchain in the logistics industry has revealed the opportunities and threats that accompany this process in the modern economy of countries and may arise in the future. Based on structuring the research results on the strengths and weaknesses of blockchain technology, opportunities and threats of its implementation in the logistics industry, a SWOT analysis of this technology was carried out in terms of its use in transport logistics and supply chain management. As strategies that allow taking advantage of blockchain and taking into account the possibilities of the external environment, the development of intelligent transport systems (ITS) using blockchain together with its use in rail, sea and air international cargo transportation has been determined. Nine main strategies for the use of blockchain were allocated, which determine long-term benchmarks of activity at different institutional levels of the economy: micro, meso and macro levels. The proposed strategies are relevant in the context of using blockchain in the areas of urban and humanitarian logistics; logistics of meta- and meso-logistic systems of supply chains formed in the process of international trade; logistics of macro-logistic systems of countries and sectors of their economies; information logistics; financial and smart logistics and related to sectors of economies B2B, B2C, C2C, G2B, G2C, B2G. An integrated approach to the implementation of blockchain in the transport industry and supply chain management based on certain strategic benchmarks will allow the most measured implementation of the basic principles of the logistics management concept, such as transparency, efficiency, reduction of overall costs, confidentiality, trust, authentication, cooperation, integration, and optimization.