ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ СИТУАЦИЯ ПО ВИЧ-ИНФЕКЦИИ НА СЕВЕРО-ЗАПАДЕ РОССИИ

Abstract

For more than 40 years, the HIV epidemic has been spreading across the planet, posing a global threat to health care and the economy of all countries. The spread of this disease depends on government policy, social and economic conditions of people's lives. HIV infection mainly affects young able-bodied reproductively active people, leads to an increase in deaths in this group, which directly affects the development of the economic and demographic crisis. The reasons for the rapid spread of HIV infection are associated with such phenomena as drug addiction, homosexuality, and commercial sex. New territories and population groups are constantly involved, the structure of transmission routes, the gender and age structure of the epidemic process are changing. Under these conditions, control over the epidemic process of HIV infection is extremely important. Purpose of the study. Describe the epidemic situation of HIV infection in the Northwestern Federal District in the period 1987-2021. Materials and methods. To analyze the epidemiological data of all HIV-infected people identified in the Northwestern Federal District (n=153002). Results and conclusions. The epidemiological situation of HIV infection in the region is tense. A high number of newly diagnosed patients is recorded annually (over the past 15 years, the increase in the number of identified patients is + 169,4%). At the moment, the epidemic is concentrated in the group of 35-39 years old, 40-44 years old. An increase in the proportion of new cases in older age groups is recorded. From 2012 to the present, the sexual route has been the main route of infection. Males predominate in the overall structure of those infected. However, in the process of developing the epidemic process, there is an increase in the involvement of women (in 2021 – 29,7%, in 2021 – 39,9%). At the same time, there is a decrease in perinatal infection of children from 25% to 1.1% in 2021. Insufficient coverage of ART is registered, as a result of which the number of patients with progressive stages of the disease increases, and insufficient coverage of ART does not provide an epidemic containment in the spread of HIV infection.