БАЛАНС ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ ПИТАНИЯ В СЕВООБОРОТАХ В УСЛОВИЯХ БИОЛОГИЗИРОВАННОГО АДАПТИВНО-ЛАНДШАФТНОГО ЗЕМЛЕДЕЛИЯ

Abstract

In the light of recent developments, the use of biological techniques in crop cultivation technologies needs to be expanded. The role of crop rotations with a high proportion of legume grasses, green manure crops and intermediate crops is increasing. The purpose of the research is to study soil fertility dynamics in terms of the main nutritional elements and determine their balance for the development of the adaptive landscape farming system in the North-Eastern region of the European part of Russia. Experiments were carried out on the experimental plots of the FARC of the North-East in 2002–2009. Soil – sod-podzolic middle loamy. We analyzed data of a long-term stationary experiment in four grain-fallow-grass field crop rotations. Meteorological conditions during the years of research were close to the average long-term values and favorable for crop cultivation. The introduction of low doses of fertilizers (N45P45K45 as mineral, 11.5–22.5 t/ha as green manure) increased the content of mobile phosphorus in the soil by 11–14 mg/kg (LSD05 = 9.5) in crop rotations with occupied and green manure fallows. An increase in exchangeable potassium by 15 mg/kg (LSD05 = 14.1) was noted in crop rotation with two clover fields for green manure. A positive balance of nitrogen and phosphorus was obtained in crop rotation with occupied and green manure fallows. The nitrogen balance was with a higher intake of +157.8 – +483.5 kg/ha and balance intensity – 115–140 %. The balance of phosphorus has developed at +6.0…+49.6 kg/ha. The positive balance of potassium was only in crop rotations with the introduction of green manure fertilizers and intermediate crop (+69.9…+175.8 kg/ha). The intensity of the balance of these elements was 101–118 %. In the control crop rotation with bare fallow at a minimum intake of nutrients, the negative balance of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was obtained; the intensity was below 100 %. Productivity of crop rotation was at the level of 4.90–5.41 thousand fodder units. According to the optimal combination of productivity and the balance of nutritional elements, crop rotation with two clover fields for green manure and an intermediate crop stood out.