Abstract
The air separation products (oxygen, nitrogen, argon and others gases) find the wide application in various areas of the industry. In connection with growth of their consumption it is necessary to pay attention for increase of reliability of cryogenic air separation plants and for reduction of their specific power consumption. The big contribution to perfection of plants, their circuits, machines and devices has been brought by academician P.L. Kapitsa in 1936-1946. These 10 years take a special place in his creative biography. It was time not only interesting searches and achievements of P.L. Kapitsa that comparable with his discoveries in physics, but also overcoming of numerous obstacles by him. The key positions have been partly lost at oxygen industry although the country in one's time, thanks to Kapitsa's works, has refused from import of the oxygen equipment and even it exported. The P.L. Kapitsa's parting word «…again to win the leadership» is actual now for those who is engaged in oxygen engineering.
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