К вопросу об аналитических конструкциях и синтетических формах в тувинском языке

Abstract

Verbal analytical constructions are a significant part of the Tuvan verb morphology and largely determine the specifics of the language, being highly productive and implemented at the lexical and syntactic levels. They are actively used as a word-forming tool. In a simple sentence, analytics functions at the level of sentence members, with an analytical predicate most actively used, expressing the phase and aspectual characteristics of an action. Analytical construction also is significant in bipredicative constructions that are mostly built by means of analytical bonds, unions, particles. Analytic construction is a combination of the main (full-valued) and one or more auxiliary (service) words. In the Tuvan language, analytical forms of the predicate with a chain of particles are widely used not only in folklore texts, fairy tales, and stories, characterizing the individual style of the narrator, but also in modern novels. The common trend is an increasing frequency of analytical constructions in fiction and journalism compared with folklore sources. Unlike analytical constructions, synthetic forms are characterized by the inextricable connection of the basis with the formants representing the grammatical category. Both analytical constructions and synthetic forms are distinguished at different levels of the language. The synthetism is found at the syntactic level if a sentence member is expressed in one word form without service or semiservice words. The main difference between syntactic analytical construction and free syntactic combination is its semantic indecomposability. Due to linguistic dynamics, the ratio of analytic and synthetic units in linguistic subsystems never remains stable.